The hail layers underwriters price against were assembled from reports and from radar-derived proxies. Both are useful. Neither is a measurement. A report requires a witness who was outside, awake and inclined to call it in, which quietly encodes population density, daylight hours and road networks into what is then presented as a hazard surface. A radar proxy converts returns into hail on a coarse grid, from a beam passing well above the roofline, and publishes the result without saying how well it did.
Price a book on that and you pay for the sampling bias twice: once where the record over-reports because the town is there, and once where it under-reports because nobody was. Risk starts from the other end. Instruments in the storm record what actually landed, and the layer is extended outward from those points by a model trained on them — with the distance from measurement carried in the data rather than lost inside it.
The differentiator is provenance. Provenance is the whole product.